IS 1528 (Part 2) : 2011

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Indian Standard METHODS OF SAMPLING AND PHYSICAL TESTS FOR REFRACTORY MATERIALS
PART 2 DETERMINATION OF REFRACTORINESS UNDER LOAD

( Second Revision )

ICS 81.080

© BIS 2011

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002

November 2011

Price Group 2

Refractories Sectional Committee, MTD 15

FOREWORD This Indian Standard (Part 2) (Second Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the Refractories Sectional Committee had been approved by the Metallurgical Engineering Division Council. This standard was first published in 1953 and subsequently revised in 1974. The second revision of this standard deals with the methods for determination of refractoriness under load. Other parts in this series are : Part 1 Part 3 Part 4 Part 5/ISO 5014 : 1997 Part 6 Part 7 Part 8 Part 9/ISO 5018 : 1983 Part 10 Part 11 Part 12/ISO 5016 : 1997 Part 13/ISO 12676 : 2000 Part 14 Part 15/ISO 5017 : 1998 Part 16/ISO 8894-2 : 1990 Part 17/ISO 8895 : 1986 Part 18/ISO 3187 : 1989 Part 19 Part 20/ISO 5103 : 1985 Part 21/ISO 8894-1 : 1987 Part 22/ISO 8841 : 1991 Part 23/ISO 16082 : 2007 Determination of pyrometric cone equivalent (PCE) or softening point Determination of spalling resistance Determination of cold crushing strength Method for determination of modulus of rupture at ambient temperature of dense and insulating shaped refractory product Determination of permanent change after reheating Methods of sampling and criteria for conformity Determination of apparent porosity Determination and true density Determination of size of refractory bricks Determination of warpage Method for determination of bulk density and true porosity of shaped insulating refractory products Determination of resistance to the disintegrating effect of carbon monoxide Sieve analaysis Method for determination of bulk density, apparent porosity and true porosity of dense shaped refractory products Determination of thermal conductivity according to the hot wire method (parallel) Determination of cold crushing strength of shaped insulating refractory products Determination of creep in compression Determination of thermal expansion Determination of modulus of rupture at elevated temperature Determination of thermal conductivity according to hot-wire method (crossarray) Method for determination of permeability to gases of dense shaped refractory products Method of test for dense shaped refractory products -- Determination of resistance to abrasion at ambient temperature

For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis shall be rounded off in accordance with IS 2 : 1960 `Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised)'. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.

IS 1528 (Part 2) : 2011

Indian Standard METHODS OF SAMPLING AND PHYSICAL TESTS FOR REFRACTORY MATERIALS
PART 2 DETERMINATION OF REFRACTORINESS UNDER LOAD

( Second Revision )
1 SCOPE This standard (Part 2) prescribes the method of test for determination of the refractoriness under load. 2 REFERENCES The following standards contain provisions, which through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision and parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below: IS No. 1528 (Part 7) : 2009 Title Methods of sampling and physical tests for refractory materials: Part 7 Methods of sampling and criteria for conformity (second revision) 4041 : 2006/ Glossary of terms relating to ISO 836 : 2001 refractory material (first revision) 3 TERMINOLOGY For the purpose of this standard, the definitions given in IS 4041 shall apply. 4 DETERMINATION OF REFRACTORINESS UNDER LOAD 4.1 Object of Test This test determines the softening temperature of refractories under load indicated either by complete sloughing down or breaking of the test specimen. 4.2 Apparatus 4.2.1 Electrical Furnace -- The furnace shall be electrically heated and shall consist of a heating tube of 100 to 120 mm inside diameter and about 500 mm length with a wall thickness of 10 to 15 mm. Heating tubes of corundum, magnesite or mullite shall be used. The surface surrounding and limiting the narrowed space shall be rounded off at the corners. The zone of 1 approximately uniform temperature shall have a minimum length of 100 to 120 mm. 4.2.2 The essential features of the furnace are shown in Fig. 1 and the loading arrangement in Fig. 2. Thermocouple may be placed in the temperature sighting tube for the measurement of temperature, otherwise optical pyrometers may be used for the same purpose. The thermocouple shall be made from platinum and/or platinum-rhodium wire, and shall be compatible with the final test temperature. The thermocouple shall be calibrated on a regular basis. 4.2.3 The loading arrangement shall be such that a constant load of 0.2 N/mm2 or 0.05 N/mm2 can be applied vertically to the test piece. Provision shall be made for recording changes in the height of the test specimen and to permit it to be compressed by at least 20 mm. 4.3 Preparation of Test Specimens A cylinder of 50 ± 0.5 mm diameter and 50 ± 0.5 mm height obtained after boring or cutting and grinding out of the central portion of the brick to be tested shall be used as a test specimen. Measurements of the height at any two points, using Vernier calipers, shall not differ by more than 0.2 mm. The original surface of the brick should form one of the end faces of the finished test specimen. The top and bottom faces of the test piece shall be made plane and parallel by sawing (and grinding, if necessary), and shall be perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder. When one face of the test piece is placed on a plane surface and a set square also in contact with the surface is brought into contact with any part of the periphery of the test piece, the gap between the side of the test piece and the set square shall not exceed 0.5 mm. To ensure that the top and bottom ends of the test piece are flat over their entire surface, each end shall in turn be pressed onto a levelling plate which is lined with carbon paper and hard filter paper (0.15 mm in thickness). As an alternative to carbon paper, the ends of the test piece may be inked using a stamp pad. Test pieces that do

IS 1528 (Part 2) : 2011 not show two complete clearly visible coloured impressions shall be re-ground. Specimens with cracks or other visible defects shall not be used, and the surface of the cylinder shall be free from visible defects. 4.4 Procedure 4.4.1 Apply an actual load to the loading column of such magnitude that the preferred stress caused in the test piece (including that due to the mass of the loading column) is as follows. a) For dense shaped products: 0.2 N/mm2, and b) For shaped insulating products: 0.05 N/mm2.
NOTES 1 All stresses being ± 2 percent. The total load used shall be rounded to the nearest 1 N. 2 However, if such tests are carried out for unshaped products using the method described, the recommended loads are: a) b) 0.1 N/mm2 for dense unshaped products, and 0.05 N/mm2 for unshaped insulating products.

4.4.5 In control investigations for manufacturing purposes, apply the following methods for measuring temperatures, which give values that agree sufficiently closely with those secured by methods described under 4.4.4. Sighting upon the surface of the test specimen, either, a) obliquely from above or; and b) from the side through a radial tube of 20 mm maximum inside diameter, inserted in the furnace. 4.5 Report of Results 4.5.1 Report the following results of the test in figures, in addition to the plotted curves: a) The temperature (t e) denoting the point at which the curve has dropped 3 mm below its highest point. (The highest point is the point of curve at which it bends downward from the horizontal tangent). b) The temperature (te) at which the height of the specimen has dropped by 20 mm below its highest height. 4.5.2 If, in consequence of premature breaking of the test specimen before (te), report the actual softening temperature (tb) denoting the breaking point. 4.5.3 Report the temperature correct to the nearest 10°C. 4.5.4 The outward appearance of the test specimen after completion of the test, for example, form of the softened body, such as, barrel shape or mushroom shape, location of enlarged sectional view of cracks, spall, etc, shall also be reported. 5 SAMPLING CONFORMITY AND CRITERIA FOR

4.4.2 Raise the temperature of the furnace at the rate of 15°C/min up to 1 000°C and at a rate of 8°C/min above 1 000°C. The difference between the actual temperature-rise and the scheduled rise of temperature should not be more than 20°C at any time. The temperature in the horizontal plane may also vary widely, but should not be greater than 30°C. 4.4.3 Plot the change in the height of the specimen during heating against time on rectangular coordinates beginning at least at 1 000°C, on 10 : 1 scale for change in height and a convenient scale for time. As the temperature is raised at an approximately constant rate and the change in height with respect to time is plotted, this chart will give the temperature-deformation curve. 4.4.4 Measure temperature with an optical pyrometer, refractory tube closed at its bottom and suspended in the furnace at the beginning of the test. The other option may be to measure the temperature by using a wellcalibrated suitable thermocouple.

The procedure for sampling and the criteria for conformity shall be as laid down in IS 1528 (Part 7).

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IS 1528 (Part 2) : 2011

39.3 kg Load = 2 kg/cm2 on 50 mm

SPECIMEN

100-120

All dimensions in millimetres.

FIG. 1 ESSENTIAL FEATURES OF THE ELECTRICAL HEATING FURNACE

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IS 1528 (Part 2) : 2011

4
All dimensions in millimetres.

FIG. 2 THE LOADING ARRANGEMENT

Bureau of Indian Standards BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act , 1986 to promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country. Copyright BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS. Review of Indian Standards Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of `BIS Catalogue' and `Standards : Monthly Additions'. This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc No.: MTD 15 (4843).

Amendments Issued Since Publication Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

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